A student under stress has been feeling light-headed, especially after standing, and has developed a brisk diuresis. He has the smell of acetone on his breath. Upon admission to the emergency room, he is diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis, which is accompanied by extreme hypovolemia, supposedly because of the brisk diuresis. The brisk diuresis is a consequence of which of the following?
A. High level of glucose in the tubular fluid/urine
B. Increased glomerular filtration rate
C. Suppression of arginine vasopressin secretion
D. Suppression of aldosterone secretion
E. Decreased angiotensin II plasma levels.

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening complication of diabetes. It is produced because the body lacks insulin. This stimulates glucagon secretion and the corresponding glucose release by the liver.

When glucose raises, it will be eliminated by the kidney in urine taking also water and sodium (osmotic diuresis). This process is responsible for the polyuria and dehydration.

Ketoacidosis occurs more frequently in type 1 diabetes, but could also occur in type 2 diabetes.